. Architettura bizantina e romanica. Con l'aggiunta di una navata esterna o seconda su ogni lato, e da un transetto alla fine accanto all'abside, come si può vedere la chiesa di S. Paolo fuori le Mura. La costruzione di queste chiese era leggera e semplice, richiedeva un'abilità architettonica verilitile, non presentava problemi costruttivi, e dispensava interamente la volta e la cupola che avevano svolto un ruolo così importante nell'architettura lateromana. I materiali stessi themseleswere spesso prelevate da edifici pagani, andcolonne e capitelli sono stati rubati senza fromolde scrupolo
1240 x 2014 px | 21 x 34,1 cm | 8,3 x 13,4 inches | 150dpi
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. Byzantine and Romanesque architecture . ed by theaddition of an outer or second aisle on each side, and bya transept at the end next the apse, such as we may seein the church of S. Paolo fuori le Mura. The constructionof these churches was light and simple, requiring verylittle architectural skill, challenging no constructionalproblems, and dispensing entirely with the vault and thedome which had played so important a part in the laterRoman architecture. The very materials themselveswere often taken ready-made from Pagan buildings, andcolumns and capitals were stolen without scruple fromolder structures. The Roman world was sacked byConstantine for the adornment of his new capital.s. Peters S. Peters was the first Christian church built in Rome by Constantine after his conversion. It stood on theVatican near the Circus of Nero, the reputed scene ofthe Apostles martyrdom. This, the oldest and largestof the Roman basilican churches, has disappeared tomake way for the greatest church in Christendom, but at Rome THE BASILICA 19. 5TETER5ROME Fig. 2. 2—2 20 S. PETERS, ROME [ch. ii we know what it was like from drawings made before itsdestruction. From them we learn that even at thebeginning of the 4th century, when the fiery trial ofthe last persecution was only just abated, the Church hadalready begun to rival the outworn creeds in the magnifi-cence of her ritual and ecclesiastical system. The simple The choir republicanism and equality of the primitive congregationhad yielded to the growth of a hierarchy, which demandedthe separation of clergy and laity. At first the tribunein the apse, then the dais in front of it on which the altarstood was railed off by cancelli or railings; in otherwords a chancel was formed; and later a choir wasenclosed within the nave by a low wall within whichthe clergy were seated and on each side were ambonesor pulpits whence the gospel and epistle were read. The nave At S. Peters the five aisled body of the church was 380 ft. long by 212
