. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biologia; Zoologia. Peter Ballmann: Calidridinae fossile da Nördlinger Ries 103 ordine è pertanto considerato come un sistema di riferimento per la sistematica nella presente Carta. Il calidridine e tringine taxa (vedere tabelle 1 e 2) cui i fossili dal Ries in esame mostrano vicino resem- blance sono, con una sola eccezione, situato nel nodo 9 del suo albero filogenetico (STRAUCH 1978, fig. 36). Björklund (1994) reanalyzed i dati presentati da Strauch applicando metodi cladistic. Il suo co
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. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Peter Ballmann: Fossil Calidridinae from Nördlinger Ries 103 order is therefore taken as a reference system for the systematics in the present paper. The calidridine and tringine taxa (see Tables 1 and 2) to which the fossils from the Ries under consideration show close resem- blance are, with one exception, located in node 9 of his phylogenetic tree (STRAUCH 1978, fig. 36). Björklund (1994) reanalyzed the data presented by Strauch applying cladistic methods. His conclusions are mainly limited to the higher taxonomic levels. A- nother, more detailed reanalysis, also applying cla- distics, was carried out by Chu (1997). He discussed and recoded several of Strauch's characters. As far as his conclusions concern the present study, he agrees with Strauch in making a clear distinction between plover-like and sandpiper-like birds. Between Charadriidae and Scolopacidae consistent dif- ferences can be found in all important skeletal elements. The most prominent features on the caudal side of the proximal humerus and the proximal side of the tar- sometatarsus should be enough to illustrate this fact (see Fig. 2). Charadriidae Proximal humerus, caudal view: 1. crista pectoralis projecfing dorsally, con- cave insertion area of m. deltoideus maior 2. caput humeri fusing into incisura capitis 3. no marked ligament attachment 4. attachment of m. supracoracoideus situated more proximally Proximal view of tarsometatarsus: 5. groove for tendon of m. flexor digitorum longus not completely closed 6. groove for tendon of m. flexor hallucis longus situated laterally 7. crista medialis hypotarsi laterally inden- ted by groove for m. flexor p. et pt. dig.2 Scolopacidae 1. crista directed cranially 2. caput bulging ventrally over well marked incisura 3. noticeable ligament attachment 4. attachment situated more distally 5. groove closed to canal 6. groove sit
