. Confronto di fisiologia animale. Fisiologia, confronto; fisiologia, comparativo. Capitolo 7. Escrezione di azoto ATS e carboidrati sono oxidizcd di acqua e biossido di carbonio, che sono facilmente escreto; proteine e acidi nucleici che contengono azoto, che è escreto in vari composti secondo la fisiologia dell'organismo. Scorie azotate possono provenire da proteine (a titolo di ammino acidi), dalle basi puriniche e pirimidiniche degli acidi nucleici e da vari composti azotati. *" Â ¢ â "â ¢ â â " natura chimica dei prodotti azotati prodotti di degradazione proteica.
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. Comparative animal physiology. Physiology, Comparative; Physiology, Comparative. CHAPTER 7. Nitrogen Excretion ATS AND CARBOHYDRATES are oxidizcd to water and carbon dioxide, which are readily excreted; proteins and nucleic acids contain nitrogen, which is excreted in various compounds according to the physiology of the organism. Nitrogenous wastes may come from proteins (by way of amino acids), from the purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids, and from miscellaneous nitrogenous compounds. *"'⢠â 'â¢'â â " CHEMICAL NATURE OF NITROGENOUS PRODUCTS Protein Degradation Products. At least six different types of compound may be produced by the degradation of protein. Amino Acids. Proteins are hydrolyzed to polypeptides and dipeptides, and these are broken down to their constituent amino acids. Amino acids may be excreted without change in some animals. Ammonia. Amino acids undergo deamination, resulting in the liberation of ammonia as follows: NH. O R_C-H + Vz O. ^ R-C + NH, ^COOH COOH NH. OH R_c4^ + H.O ^ R-C-H + NHa ^COOH ^COOH Ammonia is toxic and is low in concentration in the blood of many animals. It is formed rapidly in drawn blood of vertebrates, but the amount present in vivo in mammals is probably not more than 0.001-0.003 mg./lOO ml. ^'' The amount present is similar (less than 0.1 mg./lOO ml.) in frogs, reptiles and hshes. â¢'*- If the blood ammonia reaches 5 mg./100 ml. in rabbits death results. ^ Some ammonia is excreted by the kidneys (about 0.5T gm. daily in man). ''^ In mammals most of the urinary ammonia is formed from glutamine by the kidney; the amount which comes from amino acids is much smaller than it is in animals in which ammonia is an important excretory product. "^ There are invertebrate animals which are more tolerant of ammonia. Blood 187. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations m
