. Eredità di cella. Citogenetica. Ereditarietà IN CELLULE SOMATICHE 375 y"" 1. 0.1 Anti A, - 0,01 - V - 0.001 rettificato 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1. I I I I I 1 I I I I I 2 4 Stadio 8 10 12 Figura 12.10. Diluizione isotopica curve su cellule provenienti da un donatore^^. In (1), i cerchi pieni rappresentano i risultati di sottrarre i valori sperimentali che valore obtoined allo stadio 6. Essa mostra che la agglutinable cellule sono state perse a un tasso costante. In (2), l'impiego di due specifici agglutinina mostra che A j il sangue aveva entrambi A2 e O cellule (da Atwood e Scheinberg, 1958, J. Cell. &Amp; Comp. Physiol., 52, S

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. Cell heredity. Cytogenetics. HEREDITY IN SOMATIC CELLS 375 y"" 1. 0.1 Anti A, - 0.01 - V - 0.001 Corrected 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1. I I I I i 1 I I I I i 2 4 Stage 8 10 12 FIGURE 12.10. Isotope dilution curves on cells from an A^ donor. In (1), the closed circles represent the results of subtracting from the experimental values that value obtoined at stage 6. it shows that the agglutinable cells were lost at a constant rate. In (2), the use of two specific agglutinins shows that the A j blood had both A2 and O cells (from Atwood and Scheinberg, 1958, J. Cell. & Comp. Physiol., 52, Suppl. 97; and Atwood, 1958, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Wash., 44:1054). formation of homozygotes. It may be explained as a phenocopy and have no real genetic basis, or it may be a true case of somatic mutation. The bone marrow should behave formally like a chemostat overflowing into the blood stream; with a constant mutation rate and no selection, the number of mutant blood-forming cells would increase with age, per- haps in a linear fashion. It can be calculated that a mutation rate of ab(Hit 10~'^ per cell per division would be required to account for a frequencv of 10~^ mutant cells at age 35. This rate is within the range found in cultured bone marrow cells mutating to drug resistance (Table 2.3). If the rate is calculated per hour, it becomes about 10 , similar to the rates of mutation of bacteria and viruses. This raises the question of whether the stability of genes in all organisms is about the same, the calculated differences residing in the length of time required to duplicate genes in different organisms. The process of somatic mutation mav be more readily studied in tissue cultures where cells can be grown separately in suspension, plated out to form colonies, and, in general, treated as bacteria. Puck has devel- oped techniques for this purpose which originallv involved plating on an irradiated feeder layer of other cells which could not grow but, nonethe-. Please note

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• bookcentury1900
• bookcollectionbiodiv
• bookpublishernewyorkwiley