. Evoluzione e malattia . anormalmente grande e scomodo. Questa forma di ingrandimento è denominata sopravcrescita, ed è più suscettibile di accadere quando il diminuito uso è accompagnato da irritazione, come illustrato dal seguente provino.era una capra, settimane confinate di formany in un fuddypaddock; sui piedi di esaminingits li ho trovati pelliccia-nied con zoccoli di grande lunghezza, un measuredtrentasei centimetri fol- Fig. 10. - uno zoccolo sopravissuto in un arare la curva, e itsvoat, che aveva vissuto molte settimane . in un paddock fangoso. Misura i compagni venticinque centiletrentasei centimetri seguendo i metri (fig. IO

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. Evolution and disease . abnormally large and inconvenient. This formof enlargement is termed overgrowth, and is more liable to occur when diminisheduse is accompanied byirritation, as illustrated bythe following specimen.It was a goat, confined formany weeks in a muddypaddock ; on examiningits feet I found them fur-nished with hoofs of greatlength, one measuredthirty-six centimetres fol- Fig. 10. — An overgrown hoof in a lowing the Curve, and itsgoat, which had lived many weeks . _ in a muddy paddock. It measures fellOW twenty - five Centl- thirty-six centimetres following the metres (fig. IO). The hoofscurve. of cows, horses, sheep, anddeer become similarly overgrown when enclosed onmarshy ground, dirty paddocks, or damp sheds. Similarconditions are not rare in our own species, for old, bedridden persons often have long toe-nails, some ofthem two or three inches long, thick and twisted like arams horn. The relation between increase in the growth of nailor hoof in consequence of additional blood supply, is. ENLARGEMENT OF PARTS FROM USE. 21 shown in a striking manner in the foot of the horse.When inflamed the hoof will sometimes become muchlonger than usual, and the softer part, known as the frog, will enlarge and form a spongy mass, filling up the sole.This cannot be attributed to disuse as the remaininghoofs are also idle, for the horse is unable to work onaccount of lameness, and we can assure ourselves of theexistence of inflammation in the affected foot by ob-serving its increased heat. In the next chapter I shall have occasion to demon-strate that overgrowth may occur from diminished usealone ; nevertheless, the most striking examples areassociated with increased blood supply consequent onirritation, and as this assists in explaining some interest-ing normal conditions it will be advantageous to considersome additional instances. It has long been known thatwhen the skin is irritated, especially in young people, bylong continued discharges from wounds, or by

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