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Carolus Clusius (February 19, 1526 - April 4, 1609) was a Flemish doctor and pioneering botanist, and one of the most influential of all 16th century scientific horticulturists. He studied at Montpellier with the famous medical professor Guillaume Rondelet, but he never practiced medicine. In 1573 he was appointed prefect of the imperial medical garden in Vienna by Maximilian II and made Gentleman of the Imperial Chamber. He helped create one of the earliest formal botanical gardens of Europe at Leyden, the Hortus Academicus, and his detailed planting lists have made it possible to recreate his garden near where it originally lay. He laid the foundations of Dutch tulip breeding and the bulb industry today. He published two major original works: his Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Hispanias observatarum historia (1576), one of the earliest books on Spanish flora, and his Rariorum stirpium per Pannonias observatorum Historiae (1583) the first book on Austrian and Hungarian alpine flora. His contribution to the study of alpine plants has led to many of them being named in his honor. He died in 1609 at the age of 83.
