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Eisenhower painted in 1947 by Thomas E. Stevens. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969) was the 34th President of the United States (1953-1961). He was a five-star general in the US Army during World War II, and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942-43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944-45, from the Western Front. In 1951, he became the first supreme commander of NATO. He entered the 1952 presidential race as a Republican and to crusade against Communism, Korea and corruption. He won by a landslide, defeating Democrat Adlai Stevenson and ending two decades of the New Deal Coalition. He covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy but contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies, expanded Social Security and launched the Interstate Highway System. He enforced federal court orders to desegregate public schools, and signed civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 to protect the right to vote. He implemented desegregation of the armed forces in two years, and made five appointments to the Supreme Court. Eisenhower's two terms were peaceful ones for the most part and saw considerable economic prosperity. He is currently ranked as one of the top ten American Presidents. He died of congestive heart failure in 1969.
