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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (January 12, 1746 - February 17, 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer. He was a Romantic who felt that education must be broken down to its elements in order to have a complete understanding of it. He emphasized that every aspect of the child's life contributed to the formation of personality, character, and reason. His educational methods were child-centered and based on individual differences, sense perception, and the student's self-activity, He also influenced the theory of physical education by developing a regimen of physical exercise and outdoor activity linked to general, moral, and intellectual education that reflected his ideal of harmony and human autonomy. His motto "Learning by head, hand and heart" is still a key principle in successful 21st century schools. He died in 1827 at the age of 81.
