. Gli usi medici e chirurgici dell'elettricità. sono costituiti da mole-cules elettrici, che hanno una zona equatoriale positiva e due polarzone negative, i cui assi sono paralleli l'uno all'altro, cioè due molecole makeone molecola. Questa è chiamata disposizione peripolare. In un magnete, ogni singola molecola manifesta gli stessi fenomeni dell'entiremagnet: Ogni molecola è infatti un magnete in miniatura. Allo stesso modo, ogni molecola del nervo o del muscolo manifesta gli stessi fenomeni degli ANELECTROTONOS E dei CATELECTROTONOS. 89 intero nervo o muscolo. Queste molecole peripolari sono racchiuse b
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. The medical and surgical uses of electricity. . consist of electric mole-cules, which have one positive equatorial zone and two negative polarzones, whose axes are parallel to each other, that is, two molecules makeone molecule. This is called the peri-polar arrangement. In a magnet, each individual molecule manifests the same phenomena as the entiremagnet: each molecule is indeed a magnet in miniature. In like manner, each molecule of the nerve or muscle manifests the same phenomena as the ANELECTROTONOS AND CATELECTROTONOS. 89 entire nerve or muscle. These peri-polar molecules are enclosed by amoist covering. Du Bois-Reymond further supposes that each peri-polar molecule maybe divided into a group of di-polar molecules—where the positive hemi-spheres are turned toward each other—without changing their electricproperties. This is called the di-polar arrangement. If a number of suchmolecules are brought under the influence of a galvanic current, their posi-tive zones will turn toward the negative pole, and the negative toward the. Fig. 38.- - Peri-polar Arrangement of Electro-Motor Molecules. L S, Longitudinal section;T S, transverse section ; P, parelectronomic layer. positive; one of the molecules (3) turning 180^ on its axis. The arrange-ment will be as above. From its resemblance to the voltaic pile it iscalled the pile-like arrangement. This pile-like arrangement of the molecules not only takes place be-tween the electrodes, but also beyond them into the extra-polar region. Du Bois-Reymond has illustrated these phenomena on molecules madeof zinc and copper. From these experiments Du Bois-Reymond concluded, first, that thenerve is always in the condition of a closed circuit, since electric currentsare produced by the connection of layers surrounding the molecules withtheir molecules; and secondly, that the current obtained from an animal, asindicated by the galvanometer, is only a small portion of the entire current. The galvanic current that produces the el
