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Photographic recreation of Hua Tuo attending to Cao Cao. Hua Tuo (140-208), formal name Yuanhua, was an ancient Chinese physician who lived in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The historical texts Records of the Three Kingdoms and Book of the Later Han record Hua as the first person in China to use anesthesia during surgery. He used a general anesthetic combining wine with a herbal concoction called mafeisan (cannabis boiling powder). Besides being respected for expertise in surgery and anesthesia, Hua Tuo was famous for his abilities in acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine, and medical Daoyin exercises. He developed the Wuqinxi (Wu-chin-hsi, Exercise of the Five Animals) from studying movements of the tiger, deer, bear, ape, and crane. Some scholars believe that he learned Ayurveda medical techniques from early Buddhist missionaries in China.
