. Il bostrico e legno borer infestazione in la maggiore area di Yellowstone durante quattro anni postfire. Gli scolitidi Parco Nazionale di Yellowstone; legno tarli il Parco Nazionale di Yellowstone; gli alberi Malattie e Pesti il Parco Nazionale di Yellowstone; gli incendi boschivi il Parco Nazionale di Yellowstone. 100 80 0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) fuoco verde insetto mortalità sconosciuto Stand composizione (presente) Figura 2-Alive (verde) e morto Douglas-fir da cause di mortalità. La maggior parte era di infestazione da Douglas-fir beetle. Addi- zionale mortalità, specialmente di piccolo diametro alberi, è stato causato da Pseudohylesinus nebulosus LeCo

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. Bark beetle and wood borer infestation in the Greater Yellowstone Area during four postfire years. Bark beetles Yellowstone National Park; Wood borers Yellowstone National Park; Trees Diseases and pests Yellowstone National Park; Forest fires Yellowstone National Park. 100 80 0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Green Fire Insect Unknown mortality Stand Composition (present) Figure 2—Alive (green) and dead Douglas-fir by cause of mortality. Most infestation was by the Douglas-fir beetle. Addi- tional mortality, especially of small diameter trees, was caused by Pseudohylesinus nebulosus LeConte and wood borers. These data show that almost one-third of the Dou- glas-fir that were green and considered alive following the 1988 fires died from delayed effects of fire or in- sect infestation. Where mortality is evenly distributed, the fire-killed and green Douglas-fir mosaics appear slightly affected. However, where mortality is con- centrated, drastic altering of the mosaic is apparent. On the other hand, lodgepole pine mortality con- sisted of 51.6 percent of the 4, 758 sampled trees. This breaks down to 30.5 percent due to fire injury, 17.9 percent due to insects, and 3.2 percent to unidentified causes (fig. 3). All trees retaining green foliage after the 1988 fires may be considered survivors of the fires. However, even though they still had green foliage, green phloem, and appeared alive, almost two-thirds of the lodgepole that subsequently faded had been com- pletely girdled by light ground fires. Many of these trees' deaths from fire injury were not apparent even 3 to 4 years after the fires, and quite often not until the lodgepole were infested by the pine engraver dps pini [Say]) or the twig beetles, Pityophthorous confer- tus Swaine and Pityogenes knecteli Swaine, did rapid fading occur. Of all the lodgepole pine that died from all causes, including fire injury, 44 percent were in- fested by the pine engraver. Mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Ho

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• bookcentury1900
• bookcollectionameri
• bookcollectionbiodiversity