Il mondo moderno, da Carlo Magno al tempo presente; con un'indagine preliminare dei tempi antichi . lony nel sud. Ella ha negli ultimi anni enor-mously estese il suo sud possedimenti africani da annexingthe due repubbliche boera (§ 755); e gli eventi del 1881 (§ 753)mettere la valle del Nilo in*controllo inglese. Un po' più presto theexplorations di Livingstone e Stanley aveva risvegliato interestin il cuore del continente più bui. Vari esploratori aveva tracciato il Nilo alla sua fonte, dis-copre i grandi laghi e trovato le fonti di theZambesi. Stanley, nei primi anni settanta, si era dimostrata
1301 x 1921 px | 22 x 32,5 cm | 8,7 x 12,8 inches | 150dpi
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The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times . lony in the south. She has in recent years enor-mously extended her South African possessions by annexingthe two Boer republics (§ 755); and the events of 1881 (§ 753)put the Nile valley into*English control. A little earlier theexplorations of Livingstone and Stanley had awakened interestin the heart of the Darkest Continent. Various explorers had traced the Nile to its source, dis-covered the great inland lakes, and found the sources of theZambesi. Stanley, in the early seventies, had proved that theupper Congo extended into the neighborhood of the great lakesand that the immense region constituting the heart of Africawas a rich and accessible country. In 1876, at the suggestionof King Leopold II of Belgium, the Congo International As-sociation was organized to explore Central Africa and to stopthe horrible slave trade carried on by the Arabs. In 1879Stanley in the service of Leopold and the Association returned tothe upper Congo and made there the beginnings of an organizedstate.. § 8621 PARTITION OF AFRICA 835 In 1884 Bismarck called an international congress to Berlinto discuss African affairs. As a result the * Congo Free State was formed with a territory of one million square miles and withsome thirty million inhabitants. For a while it was governedby a private company. Its irresponsible officials made them-selves guilty of horrible atrocities against the defenseless natives.An agitation against these misdeeds resulted, in 1904, in theBelgian government taking over the Free State. It now be-came a Belgian colony, and the Belgian government is re-sponsible for its administration. The establishment of the Congo State and the Berlinconference were followed by the raising of the German flagin Africa (§ 789), and then began a wild scramble for territorywhich quickly made all the continent European, except Abyssiniaand Liberia. The three foremost European Powers
