. La maestria di water. Llshafes è affondato più in basso che è effettivamente necessario a allowof un bene, o coppa, al fondo per drenaggio. Thesump in questo caso è stato coperto con tre assi, attraverso i quali la vasca e gli uomini si sono schiantati; il risultato è stato grave, anche se, fortunatamente, le lesioni per gli uomini non sono stati fatali. L'acqua lascia il serbatoio di Godley attraverso tubi di ferro quaranta pollici di diametro, e serbatoio di Gorton attraverso tubi simili trentasei pollici di diametro. I tubi sono stati collegati da quello che è noto come giunti a presa; sono uno dei primi esempi di tubi castacondo a quello che è ancora il regolare

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. The mastery of water. llshafts are sunk lower than is actually necessary to allowof a well, or sump, at the bottom for drainage. Thesump in this case was covered with three-inch planks, through which tub and men crashed; the result was serious, though, fortunately, the mens injuries were not fatal. The water leaves Godley Reservoir through iron pipesforty inches in diameter, and Gorton Reservoir throughsimilar pipes thirty-six inches in diameter. The pipeswere connected by what is known as socket joints ;they are one of the earliest examples of pipes castaccording to what is still the regular method where greatstrength is necessary. They are cast vertically with thesocket end downwards, because the lower portion of acasting, which solidifies under the weight of the ijpperlayer, is always the soundest. Great care had to be taken in designing the valves inorder to prevent them from being closed too quickly.When a column of water thirty-six or forty inches indiameter and several miles long is moving rapidly, an. 46 THE MASTERY OF WATER. enormous force is required to stop it. If an attemptwere made to do this too suddenly the pipes would burst.Whatever the reason, a burst in such a pipe would be avery serious matter ; it would cause a great deal ofdamage, and, once started, would be difficult to stopexcept at or near the reservoirs. To meet this, auto-matic, or self-closing, valves were designed by Mr. (after-wards Lord) Armstrong. A vane fixed to a spindle whichpassed through to the outside hung inside the pipe, andwas connected by a crank and levers to a valve. Solong as the water flowed through the pipe with its Ordinaryvelocity, the vane was unaffected ; but if the velocityincreased to the extent it would increase to in the caseof a burst, the vane was forced to one side, and thevalve, operated by a falling weight, was slowly closed.The arrangement was put to a practical test, as soon asthe service was established, by the bursting of a mainin the town of Hyde, and i

Parole chiave associate all'immagine

• bookcentury1900
• bookdecade1920
• booksubjectwatersupply
• bookyear