. Malattie delle api. Le api. Figura il movimento prima di peste. morte in unione non tanto likeli- cappa che è auto- r.'ed dai bee- keeper sulle sue mani e vestiti come è il caso con American fallo- covata, né attrezzature vuote sembrano diffondere la malattia come facilmente come è il caso con American fallo- brood. Apparecchio di Char- acters: Qualsiasi colonia debole nella primavera può essere sus- pected e dovrebbero essere attentamente esame- ined per questo dis- facilità. La sua presenza o assenza non può essere determinata dalla comparsa di api adulte. La infezione della lar- va probabilmente avviene durante la seconda giornata o

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. Diseases of bees. Bees. Fig Movement prior to foulbrood. death in European not so much likeli- hood that it is car- r.'ed by the bee- keeper on his hands and clothing as is the case with American foul- brood, nor does empty equipment seem to spread the disease as readily as is the case with American foul- brood. Diagnostic Char- acters: Any weak colony in the spring may be sus- pected and should be carefully exam- ined for this dis- ease. Its presence or absence cannot be determined by the appearance of the adult bees. The infection of the lar- va probably takes place during the second day of its life, when the in- fected material is given to the larva with its feed by the nurse bees. The action of the disease is very rapid and the larva dies in about two days after the germ has been introduced into its body. Thus most of the larva die before they have completed the fourth day of growth, or before they have left the bottom of the cell, which means that they are still curled. The appearance of a dead larva is very characteristic. Its general color is that of putty; the larva appears to have melted down, and it has lost Its usual shining, glistening and pearly white ap- pearance. After the tissue melts down the tracheal or breathing system of the larva seems to stand out in relief and usually is observed by the beekeepers for the first time. As the larva dries down it develops into a scale, which never has any suggestion of chocolate color as is true in American foulbrood. The scale is loose in the cell so that it can be shaken out by tipping up the comb. The odor of the larva is not particularly characteristic, but is described as "sour". The body contents of the larva are simply "watery" and not "ropy". Some toher organisms, but principally Bucillus alvel, may be found at most any time along with European foulbrbood. These are called sec- ondary invaders and are germs which live upon decaying tissue, after the larvae have died from Eu

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• bookcentury1900
• bookdecade1900
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• booksubjectbees