Manuale della archæology egiziana e guida allo studio delle antichità in EgyptPer l'uso di studenti e viaggiatori. Egli mastaba, consisteva di tre parti, thechapel, il passaggio, e la volta, ma su una specie di cui la tomba ordinaria non dà idea.There è la piramide, all'interno della quale si trovano la sepolcrale e i passaggi, mentre la cappella o l'hallof offers si è sviluppata in un vero e proprio templebuilt sulla faccia orientale della piramide, in fossati integrati dal tempio a valle ai piedi della collina. L'EDIFICIO DELLE PIRAMIDI. 157 la piramide e il tempio superiore erano circostanti
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Manual of Egyptian archæology and guide to the study of antiquities in EgyptFor the use of students and travellers . he mastaba, consisted of three parts, thechapel, the passage, and the vault, but on a specialplan of which the ordinary tomb gives no idea.There is the pyramid, inside which is the sepulchralchamber and the passages, while the chapel or hallof offerings has developed into an actual templebuilt on the eastern face of the pyramid, in mostcases supplemented by the valley temple at the foot ofthe hill. THE BUILDING OF THE PYRAMIDS. 157 The pyramid and upper temple were surroundedby a high stone wall enclosing a rectangular temenospaved with large stone slabs. The door was alwaysin the northern face. On three sides of the pyramidlong galleries were dug in the solid rock to containofferings and provisions for the dead king and themembers of his family. As we have seen, the oldest stone pyramid of thenorthern group is that of Zeser at Saqqara. Thelatest belong to the Pharaohs of the ThirteenthDynasty. The construction of these monuments wastherefore a continuous work that lasted for thirteen. Fig. 149.—Section of pas.sage and vault in pyramid of Mediim. or fourteen centuries under government direction.The granite, basalt, and alabaster required for thesarcophagus and for various details of the construc-tion were the only materials of which the use andquantity were not regulated beforehand, and that hadto be brought from a distance. In order to procure them each king despatchedone of the principal nobles of his court on a specialmission to the quarries of the south, and the speedwith which he procured the blocks formed a powerfultitle to the favour of the sovereign. The rest of thematerial did not involve such a cost. If the buildingwas of brir.k, the bricks were moulded on the spot 158 TOMBS. with earth from the valley at the foot of the hill.If of stone the nearest part of the plateau wouldfurnish abundance of marly limestone. For thewalls of the chamber
