. Relazione annuale del Consiglio di Amministrazione dell'Istituto Smithsoniano . ^ theMohave Indians of the Colorado Hiver.Fishhooks with straight shanks of bonee barbs of cactus spine sono stati scavati upby lo scrittore da tombe preistoriche atArica, sulla costa del Cile, nel 1887.they w^ere associati ad altri articlesmade di cactus spine, come agugliane e pettini. Nel dicembre del 1891, lo scrittore assistette all'apertura di numerose altre tombe a Iquique, sulla stessa costa, in cui non sono stati trovati monlyhook e aghi della stessa descrizione, ma interestingesempi dell'applicazione di spine di cactus a.

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. Annual report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution . ^ theMohave Indians of the Colorado Hiver.Fishhooks with straight shanks of boneand barbs of cactus spines were dug upby the writer from prehistoric graves atArica, on the coast of Chile, in 1887.They w^ere associated with other articlesmade of cactus spines, such as needlesand combs. In December, 1891, the writer assisted at the opening ofseveral other graves at Iquique, on the same coast, in which not onlyhooks and needles of the same description were found, but interestingexamples of the application of cactus spines to the mending of slitsin sealskins which had been used for covering the graves. In thesethe spines were stuck like awlsthrough both margins and allowedto remain with the ends projecting.Around the ends thread had beenpassed in a zigzae manner and Pig. 5.—Cactus-spine fishhooks. drawn tight, thus closing the slitstightly and efiectively. FLOWERS.. Fig. 6. Leather repaired witli cactusspines. In most genera the flowers issuefrom the upper part of the areoles, but in some species of Mamillaria and allied genera they growfrom between the mammillae, or from near their base at theend of a groove extending backward from the areole. Usuallythey are solitary and sessile, but in the genus Pereskia they arepeduncled and clustered. In nearly all genera they are conspicu- <* See American Naturalist, Vol. 12, p. 403. 1878. CACTACE^ OF MEXICO SAFFORD. 541 ously colored in tints of rose, crimson, purple, yellow, orange, orcopper color, and sometimes scarlet. Often they are pure white, gradually becoming suffused with rose color in age. In a fewspecies they are comparatively sober tinted, and sometimes almostconcealed beneath the spines of the plant, and in some casesthey are small and inconspicuous, as in the epiphytal Rhipsalis.Some are diurnal, others nocturnal; some open at sunrise and closeat night or when the sky is clouded; others open

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• bookcentury1800
• bookdecade1840