. Una storia medievale e moderna in Europa per le scuole secondarie. rful officer, anddisbanded una parte del suo esercito. Nel luglio 1630, tuttavia, Gustavo Adolfo attraversato theBaltic ed è entrato in Germania. Egli fu il re di un compara-creditore è a conoscenza dei costi sottilmente depositate e paesi deboli, che aveva establishedits proprio tipo del Protestantesimo solo dopo una lotta amara; butGustavus Adolphus è stata una notevole combinazione di un reli gious-ventilatori ed un grande maestro di guerra. Senza dubbio therewas un ambizione politica che lo portò a cercare di potenza extendSwedish a sud del Mar Baltico, ma senza dubbio anche lui wenton la campagna in una h

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. A history of mediaeval and modern Europe for secondary schools. rful officer, anddisbanded a part of his army. In July, 1630, however, Gustavus Adolphus crossed theBaltic and entered Germany. He was the king of a compara-tively thinly settled and weak country, which had establishedits own type of Protestantism only after a bitter struggle; butGustavus Adolphus was a remarkable combination of a reli-gious enthusiast and a great master of war. No doubt therewas a political ambition which led him to seek to extendSwedish power south of the Baltic, but no doubt also he wenton the campaign in a high belief that he was doing God andman a pure and devoted service. He had been schooled foraction in a series of fierce campaigns with the Poles and Danes.He had evolved a new system of tactics based on rapid move-ments, and the adaptation of military formation to the fire-arms, which were replacing the pikes and lances whereon the 1 It is said that many so-called Protestants served in Wallensteins nondescriptarmies, and had their own chaplains, services, etc.. 3o4 HISTORY OF EUROPE old style of warfare had been founded. His army was small, but excellently disciplined: a band of blond, blue-eyed giants, sons of the Vikings, pressing south in search, no doubt, ofhard blows and booty, but also of a chance to fight for the Evangelical Religion, which was to them the only truegospel. They came almost in the death-agony of German Protes-tantism. For a moment, such was the fear of the Imperialists, that hardly a city dared to open its gates voluntarily to Gus-tavus. The Lutheran princes hung back, cowed and anxious.The great city of Magdeburg, which had held out for theProtestants, was captured (1631) by the Imperialists, andsubjected to a sack and massacre which smote fear of theImperialists into every other Protestant town which had con-sidered following her example. But very foolishly the Emperoralienated the most powerful Protestant prince, Elector JohnGeorge of Saxony, 1 who made a

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• bookcentury1900
• bookdecade1910